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Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: A Complete Guide by HRTD Medical Institute, Dhaka
Introduction of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test
The PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) test is a blood test primarily used to screen for prostate cancer in men. At HRTD Medical Institute, located in Mirpur-10, Dhaka, we offer reliable and accurate PSA testing as part of our comprehensive pathology services. With the growing awareness of men’s health issues, early detection of prostate conditions has become vital. This article will provide a thorough understanding of the PSA test, its uses, benefits, risks, and interpretation, along with our institute’s role in delivering quality diagnostic services.
What is PSA?
PSA is a protein produced by both cancerous and noncancerous tissue in the prostate gland. The prostate is a small gland located below the bladder in men, responsible for producing seminal fluid.
A small amount of PSA is normally found in the blood. However, higher levels of PSA may indicate:
- Prostate cancer
- Prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate)
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), an enlarged prostate
Purpose of the Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test
The PSA test is used for several clinical purposes:
- Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: Screening in asymptomatic men, especially those over 50 or with a family history of prostate cancer.
- Monitoring Prostate Health: Tracking PSA levels over time to detect changes.
- Assessing Treatment Effectiveness: Used post-treatment (like surgery or radiation) to monitor cancer recurrence.
- Diagnosis Aid: In conjunction with digital rectal examination (DRE), MRI, and biopsy.
At HRTD Medical Institute, we recommend PSA testing for men who are:
- Aged 50 or older
- Aged 45 or older with risk factors (e.g., African ancestry or family history)
- Experiencing urinary symptoms such as frequent urination or difficulty urinating
Types of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test
There are several types of PSA tests, each offering slightly different information:
1. Total PSA (tPSA)
This is the most common test and measures the total amount of PSA in the blood.
2. Free PSA (fPSA)
Measures the PSA that is not bound to proteins in the blood. A lower ratio of free PSA to total PSA may indicate a higher risk of prostate cancer.
3. PSA Velocity
Looks at how quickly PSA levels are rising over time. Rapid increases may suggest the presence of cancer.
4. PSA Density
This is the PSA level divided by the volume of the prostate. A higher PSA density may indicate cancer.
At HRTD Medical Institute, we provide both total and free PSA testing with reliable, same-day results.
How the Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test is Performed
The PSA test is a simple blood test. The procedure at HRTD Medical Institute includes:
- No special preparation required (though patients should avoid ejaculation and vigorous exercise 24–48 hours before testing)
- A small amount of blood is drawn from the arm
- The blood is sent to our state-of-the-art laboratory for analysis
Our skilled phlebotomists and laboratory technologists ensure safe collection and accurate processing of samples using advanced analyzers.
Normal PSA Levels
PSA levels are measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood. The general guidelines are:
- 0 to 2.5 ng/mL: Low
- 2.6 to 4.0 ng/mL: Slightly elevated
- 4.1 to 10 ng/mL: Moderately elevated
- Above 10 ng/mL: Highly elevated
It is important to note that PSA levels can vary depending on age, race, prostate size, and certain medications. Therefore, interpretation should always be made by a physician.
Factors Affecting PSA Levels
Several non-cancerous conditions can affect PSA levels, including:
- Prostatitis
- Urinary tract infections
- Ejaculation
- Recent prostate surgery or biopsy
- Certain medications like finasteride
At HRTD Medical Institute, we take these factors into account before recommending further tests.
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test Accuracy and Limitations
While the PSA test is an essential tool, it is not definitive. It can result in:
- False Positives: Elevated PSA without cancer
- False Negatives: Normal PSA despite presence of cancer
Therefore, PSA results are often used alongside other diagnostic tools such as:
- Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
- Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS)
- MRI
- Prostate Biopsy
Benefits of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test
- Early Detection of Prostate Cancer
- Monitoring Cancer Progression or Recurrence
- Identifying Risk in Asymptomatic Individuals
- Reducing Mortality: Studies show early detection can reduce the risk of death from prostate cancer
At HRTD Medical Institute, our goal is to catch health issues early when treatment is most effective.
Risks and Controversies
While PSA testing has clear benefits, it also has risks:
- Overdiagnosis: Identifying slow-growing tumors that may never cause harm
- Overtreatment: Leading to unnecessary surgery, radiation, or hormonal therapy
- Anxiety: Elevated PSA levels can cause emotional stress
Our experienced physicians at HRTD Medical Institute help patients understand the risks and benefits to make informed choices.
What Happens After the Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test?
Depending on your PSA levels, the doctor may recommend:
- Regular monitoring (watchful waiting)
- Further testing (e.g., biopsy, MRI)
- Referral to a urologist
We provide complete post-test consultation and referral services.
Who Should Get a Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test?
Recommended screening schedule:
| Risk Group | Starting Age | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Average Risk | 50 | Every 1–2 years |
| High Risk (family history) | 45 | Annually |
| Very High Risk (multiple first-degree relatives) | 40 | Annually |
Men above 70 may also undergo screening depending on overall health and life expectancy.
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test at HRTD Medical Institute
Location:
Section-6, Block-Kha, Road-1, Plot-11,
Metro Rail Pillar-249, Folpotti Mosque Lane,
Mirpur-10, Dhaka-1216
Contact:
📞 01797522136 | 01987073965 | 01784572173
We offer:
- Accurate PSA testing (Total and Free)
- Affordable prices
- Same-day reporting
- Full urology consultation and guidance
- Patient confidentiality and care
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Is fasting required for the Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test?
No, fasting is not required, but avoid ejaculation or heavy exercise 1–2 days before testing.
2. What is a dangerous PSA level?
PSA above 10 ng/mL is concerning but not diagnostic. Further tests are needed.
3. Can PSA detect all types of prostate cancer?
No, but it is highly useful when combined with other diagnostic tools.
4. How long does it take to get results?
At HRTD Medical Institute, results are usually available the same day.
5. How can I reduce my PSA level naturally?
Healthy diet, regular exercise, managing prostatitis, and avoiding prostate irritation may help.
Conclusion
PSA testing is a vital tool for men’s health and early cancer detection. While not without its limitations, it can offer life-saving insights when used judiciously. At HRTD Medical Institute, we are committed to providing top-notch diagnostic services, including PSA testing, to help men lead longer and healthier lives.
